CaraMembuat AC Pendingin Hemat Listrik Dengan Peltier. Ide ini muncul ketika menyadari betapa borosnya penggunaan listrik AC konvensional. Rangkaian Inverter Input 12 Volt DC Output 220 VAC 1000 Watt. Cara Mengganti Dan Memperbaiki Colokan Dan Socket Mic. Navigasi pos. ← Rumus Cara Menghitung Jumlah Lilitan Coil Crossover.
Inverter sudah menempati peran penting di dunia teknologi modern dikarenakan adanya kenaikan signifikan mobil listrik dan teknologi energi terbarukan. Inverter mengubah daya DC menjadi daya AC inverter juga digunakan dalam suplai daya bebaskan ruang kontrol mesin listrik dan filter daya aktif. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan cara mendapatkan output tenaga listrik sinusoidal murni dari input daya DC secara bertahap. Arus bolak-balik secara berkala membalikan arahnya, atas alasan inilah nilai rata-rata arus bolak-balik selama satu siklus akan menjadi 0. Sebelum melanjutkan ke produksi gelombang sinus, mari kita lihat bagaimana arus bolak-balik gelombang kotak dihasilkan. Sebenarnya inverter tipe lama biasa menghasilkan output gelombang kotak sederhana, mari kita susun rangkaian menarik seperti yang ditunjukkan. Dengan 4 saklar dan 1 tegangan input, sirkuit ini dikenal sebagai full bridge inverter, output ditarik antara titik A dan B. Agar analisa rangkaian ini lebih mudah mari kita ganti beban asli ini dengan beban hipotetis, perhatikan arusnya saat saklar S1 dan S4 yang on serta S2 dan S3 off. Sekarang lakukan sebaliknya dan amati arus yang ada, jelas bahwa aliran arus bolak-balik nya berlawanan seperti juga tegangan output di seluruh beban. Ini adalah teknik dasar yang menghasilkan arus bolak-balik gelombang kotak. Kita semua tahu bahwa frekuensi suplai daya AC yang tersedia di rumah kita adalah 50 Hz, ini berarti kita perlu menghidupkan saklar on dan off 100 kali dalam 1 detik yang tidak mungkin dilakukan baik secara manual atau dengan menggunakan saklar mekanis. Kami memperkenalkan saklar semikonduktor seperti mosfet untuk tujuan ini, saklar jenis ini bisa menyalakan dan mematikan ribuan kali per detik dengan bantuan pengontrol sinyal kita bisa melakukan On atau Off transistor dengan sangat mudah. Output gelombang kotak adalah perkiraan tinggi output gelombang sinus, inverter lama digunakan untuk memproduksinya. Itulah sebabnya anda akan mendengar suara dengungan saat menyalakan kipas angin atau peralatan lainnya yang menggunakan kekuatan gelombang kotak, mereka juga memanaskan peralatan listrik. Inverter modern menghasilkan output sinusoidal murni, mari kita lihat bagaimana inverter memperolehnya. Sebuah teknik yang disebut pengaturan lebar pulsa modulasi digunakan untuk memperolehnya. Logika dari lebar pulsa modulasi sederhana saja, menghasilkan tegangan DC dalam bentuk pulsa dengan lebar yang berbeda, dia akan menghasilkan pulsa dengan lebar yang lebih besar saat anda berada di daerah yang membutuhkan amplitudo yang lebih tinggi. Pulsa untuk gelombang sinus terlihat seperti ini Sekarang inilah bagian yang sulit, apa yang akan terjadi jika anda merata-ratakan pulsa ini dalam interval waktu yang kecil. Anda akan terkejut saat melihat bahwa bentuk pulsa rata-rata terlihat sangat mirip dengan kurva shine, semakin halus pulsa yang digunakan semakin baik bentuk kurva sinus. Sekarang pertanyaan sebenarnya adalah bagaimana cara menghasilkan pulsa ini dan bagaimana cara kita merata-ratakan dengan cara yang praktis? Mari kita lihat bagaimana penerapannya di inverter yang sebenarnya, dua komparator digunakan untuk percobaan ini. Komparator membandingkan gelombang sinus dengan gelombang segitiga, 1 komparator menggunakan gelombang sinus normal dan komparator lainnya menggunakan gelombang sinus terbalik. Komparator pertama mengendalikan saklar S1 dan S2 dan komparator kedua mengendalikan saklar S3 dan S4. Saklar S1 dan S2 menentukan tingkat tegangan pada titik A dan dua saklar lainnya menentukan tingkat tegangan pada titik B. Bisa dilihat bahwa satu cabang dari output komparator dilengkapi dengan gerbang not. Sudah pasti apabila S1 on, maka S2 akan off dan sebaliknya, ini juga berarti kita tidak pernah bisa menyalakan S1 dan S2 pada saat bersamaan yang akan menyebabkan sirkuit DC mengalami hubung singkat. Menyalakan S1 akan memberikan tegangan sel pada titik A dan menyalakan S2 memberikan tegangan 0 pada titik yang sama, sama halnya dengan poin B. Logika perpindahan PWM sederhana saja, bila nilai gelombang sinus lebih dari gelombang segitiga komparator menghasilkan 1 sinyal jika tidak sinyal 0. Sekarang amati variasi tegangan pada kumparan pertama yang sesuai logika ini, sinyal kontrol 1 menyalakan mosfet. Pulsa tegangan yang dihasilkan pada titik A, seperti yang ditunjukkan proses yang sama dan amati pulsa tegangan yang dihasilkan pada titik B. Karena kita menarik tegangan output antara titik A dan B, tegangan bersih akan menjadi perbedaan antara A dan B. Ini adalah ponstain yang tepat yang kita butuhkan untuk menciptakan gelombang sinus, semakin halus gelombang segitiganya semakin akurat ponstain yang dihasilkan. Pertanyaan selanjutnya adalah bagaimana kita bisa merata-ratakannya? untuk membuatnya persis sinusoidal, elemen penyimpan energi seperti induktor dan kapasitor digunakan untuk memperlancar aliran listrik, mereka disebut filter pasif. Induktor digunakan untuk memperlancar arus dan kapasitor digunakan untuk memperlancar tegangan, kesimpulannya dengan jembatan inverter teknik PWM dan filter pasif yang baik anda dapat menghasilkan tegangan sinusoidal dan mengoperasikan semua peralatan tanpa menimbulkan kebisingan. Teknologi inverter yang telah kami jelaskan sejauh ini hanya memiliki 2 level tegangan, bagaimana jika kita mengenalkan 1 level tegangan lagi? ini akan memberikan perkiraan gelombang sinus yang lebih baik lagi dan dapat dengan seketika mengurangi error. Teknologi inverter multilevel seperti ini digunakan dalam aplikasi presisi tinggi seperti kincir angin dan mobil listrik. Inverter yang digunakan pada mobil listrik memiliki frekuensi dan kontrol amplitudo yang cerdas. Faktanya frekuensi mengendalikan kecepatan mobil listrik dan amplitudo mengendalikan kekuatannya, dengan cara ini inverter bertindak sebagai otak mobil listrik dengan cara menghasilkan tenaga listrik yang ideal untuk kondisi berkendara. Kami berharap artikel ini memberikan ilmu yang mumpuni tentang cara kerja inverter, kami mengharapkan dukungan anda. Terima kasih Source YouTube – Ilmu Rekayasa Inverter, Bagaimana cara kerjanya?Inverter Bagian ini berfungsi untuk mengubah tegangan DC menjadi tengan AC. Tegangan yang dirubah biasanya adalah 12 VDC menjadi 1000-4000 VAC. TCON FRC Board. Di dalam LCD terdapat banyak elemen atau pixel. Setiap pixel memiliki satu transistor yang berfungsi untuk menyalakan dan mematikan pixel tersebut.Converting DC direct current to AC alternating current has played a major role in the transition toward renewable energy. DC to AC power converters are essential if you want to use electricity from Solar batteries Solar panels Domestic wind turbines Car or RV batteries On the one hand, these systems named above mostly produce, store and use DC electricity, on the other hand, the international duaja for electrical devices and home appliances is AC electricity. Therefore, there is a need for a efficient DC to AC power converters both for domestic and industrial use. In our article, you will find everything you need to know about DC to AC converters. First, we will explain what DC and AC are, then we will move along to answer the question Is AC better than DC? Secondly, we will look how to convert DC into AC via an inverter. Finally, we will describe what appliances you could run without converting DC to AC. What is AC and DC? The first thing that likely pops to mind are these guys right? However, much before the band became famous the term AC and DC was well known. AC and DC are electric currents. An electric current is a flow of charged particles the electrons in a conductor, for example in an electric wire. Now, let’s see why we have two types of electric currents. Here’s a brief history of AC and DC The Long Lasting War Let’s go back in time, to the end of the 19th century. A time when electrical science showed tremendous development thanks to great scientists such as Alexander Graham Bell, Werner von Siemens, Heinrich Hertz, George Westinghouse, Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. Tesla, Edison and Westinghouse were engaged in perhaps the most dynamic technical battle of the modern era. George Westinghouse, backed by Tesla, was a passionate advocate of AC electricity, whereas Edison strongly pushed for DC to be adopted as the international standard. The first electrical systems were established by Edison as direct current DC power stations that began to serve their first 59 customers in New York in September 1882. Ironically, Tesla arrived in the US in 1884 and started to work for Edison on DC machines. However, he was convinced that the future of electricity was with Alternating Current AC. Two years later, he met George Westinghouse, a rich industrialist, who bought many of his patents, and began to develop AC power stations. And this marked the start of an epic battle between Westinghouse/Tesla and Edison for the development of electricity standards. A recent movie, paints a good picture of the harsh fight between the two men, escalating up to the first human execution in an electric chair powered by AC. Well, I guess you already know the end of the story, Westinghouse and Tesla beat Thomas Edison in the fight for electricity standards, as AC is now world recognized and used for electricity generation. However, DC is not dead and with the development of renewable energies such as solar power which generates DC and DC alone, there is a renewed interest in direct current electricity. To understand why AC was adopted as an international standard let’s us first explain what AC and DC are. What is DC? DC stands for Direct Current. As it is named, in DC, the current flows in one direction. The electrons are flowing from the negative pole to the positive. On a graph, it could be represented by a continuous straight line. DC electricity can be produced by solar panels for example, and stored in batteries which also deliver DC electricity. What is AC? AC stands for Alternating Current. As it is named, in AC, the current flows alternatively in both directions at a standard frequency of 60Hz. Meaning to say the current changes direction 60 times masing-masing second. On a graph, it could be represented by a wave. AC electricity is produced by an alternator in nuclear, hydroelectric, coal and asap power plants for example. AS an international duaja, AC is used in all home appliances and electric machines. Now that you know what AC and DC is, let’s compare both of them and see what is best. AC vs DC – What is best? Westinghouse and Tesla were able to demonstrate the superiority of AC electricity compared to the earlier established DC electricity from Thomas Edison. Let’s have a closer look at the positives and negatives of both electric currents. Pros and Cons of DC One of the main advantages of DC electricity is that it is easier to store than AC. In addition, DC motors and appliances are more efficient. For example, a DC water pump could be two times more efficient than an AC hipotetis with the same wattage. DC plays a major role in renewable energies and electric vehicles. Indeed, it can be directly produced by solar panels and stored in batteries. This is quite ironic for Tesla company, which mainly rely on DC power but uses the name of the great advocate of AC electricity. Another noticeable fact is that all electronic equipment operates under DC and the conversion of AC to DC results in 5 to 20% loose to power your laptop, cellphone and other electronic devices. Finally, although both electric currents are dangerous, AC is more likely to cause heart fibrillation and death. Pros and Cons of AC The main advantage of AC is its capacity to be transported over long distance with minimal energy loose the wire will not overheat. Therefore, reducing the size of the wires and the cost of energy transmission. It is also cheaper to produce AC from an alternator compared to DC. Although AC is the main electric current, DC is still widely used and with the rise of renewables, batteries and electronic devices it is expected to regain in popularity in the coming years. Therefore, there is a need to convert DC to AC efficiently to power our common appliances at home. In the following section, we will see how inverters convert DC to AC. How to convert DC to AC – the inverter The inverter is the electronic device that converts DC to AC in a two steps process First of all, it turns DC into AC, then it increases the input voltage 12V, 24V… to reach an output of 230V usable by all appliances. Convert DC to AC There are two types of inverters Modified sine-wave MSW Pure sine wave PSW To find more about pure sine wave inverters, have a look at this article. The challenge of converting DC to AC is to turn a straight signal into an alternating wave with minimal loss. To do that, we could menginjak with a simple switch, that alternatively turns ON and OFF the DC straight line. So now, we have an alternating signal, but the current is still flowing in one direction and we are far from the wave of AC. To make the current flow in both directions, inverters are using transistors. Transistors are electronic switches. To put it in a simple way, inverters are using a 4-way switching bridge of transistors to re-route the direct current to alternate it at a set frequency through the load. Now we have an alternating current. To transform it into a wave, inverters are using diodes and other electronic components that smoothen the signal to reach a pure sine wave. Modified sine-wave inverters, will only produce an approximation of a sine wave as illustrated below. Pure sine-wave inverters will create a perfect sine-wave similar to the utility electricity. Pure sine wave inverters like the ones Bluetti uses in their solar generators, are using high quality electronic components. Therefore they are more expensive than modified sine wave. Step-up the voltage to 230V AC the transformer Usually, DC voltage is lower than the 230V AC voltage required by our appliances. Consequently, the voltage needs to be increased. That’s the role of the built-in transformer. Basically, transformers are made of an iron core, with two coils of copper wire the primary and secondary circuits. The lower voltage current enters through the primary coil and the higher voltage current flows out of the secondary coil. The current passes from one coil to the other through electromagnetic induction. The wiring density of the two coils controls the output voltage. To increase the voltage, the secondary coil needs a higher wiring density than the primary one. Alright, now that you know how to convert DC into AC, let’s see in what situation you would need a DC to AC converter. When do you need a DC to AC inverter? Every day we are using inverters, they are everywhere. When you charge your phone or laptop through the wall plug, you are using a micro-inverter from AC to DC because electronic devices only work with DC. Solar panels and batteries are a source of DC electricity. Therefore, you will need a DC to AC converter if you’d like to connect your regular appliances. That said, many appliances have been designed to work only with DC. Therefore, eliminating the need of a converter when your source of energy is only DC such as in a camper van or in an off-grid system. What can your run with DC? DC appliances save money! As previously mentioned, there are many advantages of using direct current and one of the main being its high efficiency compared to AC. Appliances running only on DC require less power to run. As an example, a 500W water pump running on DC, will run the same as a 1000W AC water pump. Therefore, many appliances have been developed to run on DC only, you could find Refrigerator/freezer Electric fan Electric pump LED TV Cooker With the development of solar energy and local production of electricity, it is expected that DC will play a larger role in our power systems. Final thoughts You might already know that we are living in an energy transition from a fossil fuel-based to a zero-carbon economy. Electricity is playing a major role in this energy transformation. Indeed, global electricity consumption increased by 40% in the last 10 years. In addition, it is expected that the mondial electricity demand will be very strong within the next 20 years, growing two times faster than primary energy demand. Electric vehicles EV with batteries, renewable energy production systems solar, wind are the biggest contributors to the growth of electricity use. All of them are using DC electricity which can be up to two times more efficient than AC. Consequently, in the near term, DC power will certainly regain in popularity in micro-grid systems. In the meantime, DC and AC systems will still cohabits with DC to AC converters playing a major role. Source
BiMOSFETyang pertama dibuat, mereka beri nama IXBH40N160, ratingnya pada 1600 volt 40 ampere. Perbandingan parameternya dengan MOSFET maupun IGBT dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5. Tabel 5. Parameter BiMOSFET, IGBT dan MOSFET Produk IXYS Yang dibuat pada ukuran die sama (7,11 x 8,64 mm) Parameter.naGrBjK.
